Youve been diagnosed with oral lichen planus — a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the lining of your mouth. It cant be cured but it can be managed. Heres what it is and how its treated.

What is oral lichen planus?

Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the mucous membrane inside your mouth. It occurs when your immune system appears to react abnormally, causing inflammation in the soft tissues lining your cheeks, gums, tongue, and sometimes the lips. The exact cause isnt fully understood, though its thought to involve an immune response, and in some cases it may be triggered by certain medications, dental materials, or infections such as hepatitis C.

What does it look and feel like?

Oral lichen planus can present in several ways. The most common form appears as lacy, white streaks — known as reticular lichen planus — usually on the inside of your cheeks. These are often painless and only noticed during a dental examination. More symptomatic forms include erosive lichen planus, where red, ulcerated areas or open sores develop, and bullous lichen planus, where small blisters form. Symptoms can include a burning sensation, soreness, sensitivity to hot or spicy foods, and discomfort when eating or drinking.

Is it serious?

Oral lichen planus is generally considered benign, meaning it is not cancer. However, a small percentage of cases — particularly longstanding erosive forms — may carry a very low risk of developing into oral cancer. This is one of the reasons regular monitoring by your dentist is important. You should also be aware of any changes such as a persistent ulcer, a raised patch, or difficulty swallowing, and report these promptly.

How is it managed?

There is no cure for oral lichen planus, but symptoms can be managed effectively. Your dentist or specialist may prescribe topical corticosteroids in the form of gels, rinses, or lozenges to reduce inflammation and discomfort. Good oral hygiene and avoiding triggers — such as very hot, spicy, or acidic foods — can help prevent flare-ups. If you suspect a trigger such as a dental filling material, your dentist can investigate and, if necessary, replace it.

What to expect long-term

Oral lichen planus is a lifelong condition that tends to come and go. You may have periods with few or no symptoms, followed by flare-ups triggered by stress, illness, or certain foods. Attending regular dental check-ups allows your dentist to monitor any changes and adjust your management plan as needed.

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