Your gums are supposed to be pink and firm. If they look red instead, feel swollen, or bleed when you brush, that is not normal. It is usually the first sign of something called gingivitis.

Gingivitis is the earliest stage of gum disease. It happens when plaque builds up along and under your gum line. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that forms every day. If you do not clean it away properly, it irritates your gums and causes inflammation.

The most common sign is bleeding gums, especially when you brush or floss. You might also notice your gums look redder than usual, feel tender to touch, or have persistent bad breath that does not go away with brushing.

Some people also experience gum recession, where the gum pulls away from the tooth making teeth look longer than before. Swollen gums are another telltale sign.

Gingivitis itself is not destructive. The inflammation is reversible with good care. But if you ignore it and let plaque harden into tartar, the problem gets worse. Tartar cannot be removed by brushing alone and needs a professional clean.

From there, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, which is a much more serious condition that affects the bone supporting your teeth. That is why catching it early matters.

The good news is gingivitis is reversible. Start by brushing twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste, floss daily, and use an antibacterial mouthwash if your dentist recommends one.

Visit your dentist or hygienist for a professional clean to remove any tartar buildup. They will also check your gums and give you advice on keeping them healthy at home.

If your gums bleed when you brush, do not wait for it to sort itself out. Book a check-up and your dentist will assess your gum health and recommend the right treatment.